Fermion mixings vs d = 6 proton decay

It is well known, although sometimes ignored, that not only the d = 5 but also d = 6 proton decay depends on fermion mixings. In general we study carefully the dependence of d = 6 decay on fermion mixings using the effective operator approach. We find that without specifying a theory it is impossible to make clear predictions. Even in a given model, it is often not possible to determine all the physical parameters. We point out that it is possible to make a clear test of any grand unified theory with symmetric Yukawa couplings. We discuss in some detail realistic theories based on SU(5) and SO(10) gauge symmetry.